Helicobacter Pylori, also known as Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. It is present in almost half the population of the globe. The vast majority of people infected with H.pylori infection have no symptoms and never will develop problems. However, H.pylori can cause some digestive problems, including ulcers and, less frequently, cancer of the stomach. It is not clear why some people with H. pylori get these conditions, while others do not. This article discusses the symptoms, testing and treating H. pylori infections. Stomach ulcers, also known as peptic ulcer disease are discussed separately. (See)
H. PYLORI RISK FACTORS
H. pylori is likely to extend much food or water contaminated by feces. H. pylori induces changes in the stomach and duodenum (first part of the small intestine) (
). The bacteria infect the protective tissue that lines the abdomen. This leads to the release of certain enzymes and toxins, and immune system activation. Taken together, these factors may directly or indirectly damage the strattera 10mg cells of the stomach or duodenum. This causes chronic inflammation in the walls of the stomach (gastritis) or duodenum (duodenitis). As a result of these changes, gastric and duodenal ulcers are more vulnerable to damage from digestive juices, such as stomach acid. In the United States and other developed countries, infection with H. pylori is unusual in childhood, but is becoming more common in adulthood. However, in developing countries, most children infected with H. pylori to 10 years. H. PYLORI symptoms
Most people with chronic gastritis or duodenitis have no symptoms. However, some people develop more serious problems, including the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers can cause various symptoms or no symptoms, the most common symptoms of ulcers, including:
, ulcer bleeding that can lead to low blood and fatigue (see Less commonly, chronic gastritis causes pathological changes in the gastric mucosa, which may lead to certain forms of cancer. It is unusual to develop cancer as a result of infection H.pylori. However, because so many people in the world are infected with H. pylori, it is considered an important cause of stomach cancer. People who live in countries where H. pylori infection is at an early age are at greatest risk of stomach cancer. H. PYLORI DIAGNOSIS
There are several ways to diagnose H. pylori. most commonly used tests include the following:
Blood tests can detect specific antibodies (proteins) that the immune system of the body develops in response to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori breath tests (so-called urea breath tests) require you to drink a solution containing specialized. substance, which is divided by the bacterium H.pylori. decay products can be detected in your breath. tests can detect that H. pylori proteins in the feces. WHO should be tested for H. pylori? diagnostic testing for Helicobacter Pylori infection is recommended if you have active stomach or duodenal ulcer, or if you have a history of ulcers. Although H. pylori infection is the most common cause of ulcers, not All patients with ulcers in H. pylori. Some medications (such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve)) can also cause ulcers. (cm)
H. pylori testing is usually is not recommended if you have no symptoms and no history of peptic ulcer disease. However, may be considered for individuals, such as family history and concerns about stomach cancer, in particular, people of Chinese, Korean, Japanese or Central American origin, these groups have a higher incidence of gastric cancer H. PYLORI TREATMENT.
People with a history of peptic ulcer disease, active gastric or duodenal ulcers associated with active H. pylori infection should be treated. Successful treatment of H. pylori may help heal ulcers, prevent ulcers from returning and to reduce the risk of ulcer complications (eg, bleeding). No drug cures Helicobacter pylori infection. Treatment involves taking several drugs for 7 to 14 days. Most regimens include drugs called proton pump inhibitor. This medicine reduces the the production of stomach acid, which allows the damaged tissues heal infection. Examples of proton pump inhibitors include lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex), dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) and esomeprazole (Nexium). two antibiotics and is usually recommended. it reduces the risk of treatment failure and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori Although the optimal treatment continues the investigation, the American College of Gastroenterology recommend four specific schemes drug that uses a combination of at least three drugs. These schemes have successfully cured the infection up to 90 percent of the people. For treatment of H. pylori, to be effective, it is important that the entire course of all drugs. to 50 percent of patients, side effects while taking H. pylori treatment. Side effects are generally mild, and less than 10 percent of patients discontinue treatment because of side effects. For those who experience side effects, it may be possible to modify the dose or duration of treatment. Some of the most common side effects are described below. Some regimens use drugs called metronidazole (Flagyl) or clarithromycin (Biaxin). These drugs can cause a metallic taste in the mouth. Alcoholic beverages (eg beer, wine) should be avoided while on metronidazole combination may cause flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, heart palpitations, bismuth, contained in some schemes, causing the chair to become black and can cause constipation, many of the schemes .. cause diarrhea and stomach cramps. to 20 percent of patients with H. pylori infection is not cured after the first course of treatment. second treatment regimen is usually recommended in this case . Reuse typically requires the patient to take 14 days of proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics. At least one of the antibiotics that are different from those in the first year of treatment. After H. pylori treatment, repeat testing is usually carried out in order to infection is resolved. This is usually done with a breath or stool (see
above), the blood is not recommended for further tests,. antibody blood often remains in the blood within four months or more after treatment, even after the infection Helicobacter pylori persists., also known as Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. Most people infected with H.pylori infection have no problems. However, some people develop problems such as stomach ulcers. Ulcers can cause no symptoms or may cause pain or discomfort (usually in the upper abdomen), bloating, feeling full after eating a small amount of food, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark-colored stools, or resin. ulcers that bleed can lead to low blood. H. pylori can be diagnosed through blood tests, breath, or stool. H. pylori testing is recommended for people with peptic ulcer (gastric or duodenal) ulcers. Any diagnosis of H. pylori should be treated. H. pylori treatment promotes healing of ulcers, reduces the risk of that the plague would not return, and reduces the risk of bleeding ulcers. H. pylori treatment usually involves several medications. At least two drugs that help the antibiotics to kill bacteria. Another drug is in the stomach, so that less acid, lower levels of acid to help heal ulcers Most people are cured after one to two weeks of medicine Some people need to take another two weeks of medicine is important to finish all the medication ... so that kills bacteria. breath or stool is usually done after the treatment. This is done to ensure that the bacteria are killed. Your doctor is the best source of information on issues and problems related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as necessary on our website (). Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for healthcare professionals are also available. Some of the most important are listed below. UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. basics of teaching patients to respond to four or five key issues, the patient may have about this or that condition. These articles are the best for patients who want an overview, and who prefer a short, easy to read materials. In Fundamentals of patient education is longer, more complex, and more. These articles are best for patients who want information and are comfortable with some of the medical terms. Professional the level of articles designed to keep physicians and other medical workers to-date with the latest medical research. These articles carefully, long and complex, and they contain numerous references to the studies on which they are based. professional level articles are best suited for people who are familiar with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials doctors are reading. The following organizations also provide reliable health information. ((((([revised to UpToDate, Inc would like to thank Dr. David A. Peura, who contributed in the earlier version of this topic review.